Economistas do mercado financeiro reduziram de 7,15% para 7,11% a previsão de inflação para este ano. Esta foi a sexta queda seguida da previsão.
A informação consta do relatório “Focus”, divulgado nesta segunda-feira (8) pelo Banco Central. Foram ouvidas mais de 100 instituições financeiras na semana passada.
A meta de inflação para este ano, definida pelo Conselho Monetário Nacional (CMN), é de 3,5% e será considerada cumprida se oscilar entre 2% e 5%. No entanto, o Banco Central já admitiu que vai estourar o teto da meta, assim como aconteceu em 2021.
- Especial g1: o que é inflação
- Entenda: como inflação mexe no seu bolso
Quanto maior é a inflação, menor é o poder de compra das pessoas, principalmente as que recebem salários menores. Isso porque os preços dos produtos aumentam sem que o salário necessariamente acompanhe esse crescimento.
Para atingir a meta, o Comitê de Política Monetária (Copom) do Banco Central aumenta ou diminui a taxa básica de juros, a Selic.
Atualmente, a Selic está em 13,75% ao ano, o maior percentual dos últimos seis anos.
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ICMS sobre itens essenciais
A redução da estimativa de inflação coincide com o corte de ICMS sobre itens essenciais, como combustíveis e energia elétrica.
Esses produtos por si só já impactam a inflação. Além disso, afetam indiretamente os preços de outros itens.
Por exemplo, se o preço do diesel aumenta, o transporte de um determinado produto fica mais caro. O dono da loja que revende esse produto, então, repassa o aumento para o consumidor, que acaba pagando mais pelo mesmo item.
A diminuição do ICMS foi uma estratégia adotada pelo governo e pelo Congresso para tentar segurar o aumento dos preços em eleitoral.
No entanto, apesar de segurarem a inflação em 2022, essas medidas pressionam os preços para 2023, conforme já alertaram diversos economistas.
Produto Interno Bruto
O mercado financeiro também passou a prever uma alta maior do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) em 2022.
A previsão dos economistas dos bancos é que a economia brasileira cresça 1,98% em 2022, contra 1,97% previsto anteriormente. Já para 2023, a previsão de alta ficou estável em 0,40%.
O PIB é a soma de todos os bens e serviços produzidos no país e serve para medir a evolução da economia.
Taxa de juros
O mercado financeiro manteve a expectativa para a taxa básica de juros da economia, a Selic, em 13,75% ao ano no fim de 2022.
Atualmente, a taxa Selic já está neste patamar. O Copom também vem sinalizando de que os juros vão se manter altos por um período mais prolongado.
Já para o fechamento de 2023, a expectativa do mercado para a taxa Selic permaneceu em 11% ao ano. Com isso, o mercado financeiro segue estimando queda dos juros no ano que vem.
Outras estimativas
- Dólar: a projeção para a taxa de câmbio para o fim de 2022 permaneceu em R$ 5,20. Para 2023, ficou estável também em R$ 5,20.
- Balança comercial: para o saldo da balança comercial (resultado do total de exportações menos as importações), a projeção subiu de US$ 67,20 bilhões para US$ 68 bilhões de resultado positivo em 2022. Para o ano que vem, a estimativa dos especialistas do mercado ficou estável em US$ 60 bilhões de superávit.
- Investimento estrangeiro: a previsão do relatório para a entrada de investimentos estrangeiros diretos no Brasil neste ano avançou de US$ 56,25 bilhões para US$ 57,20 bilhões. Para 2023, a estimativa passou de US$ 60,50 bilhões para US$ 61 bilhões de ingresso.
Podcast
Ouça o episódio do podcast O Assunto sobre “O salário mínimo comido pela inflação”:
Fonte G1 Brasília