Os economistas do mercado financeiro reduziram de 6,70% para 6,61% a estimativa de inflação para este ano e também elevaram a previsão de crescimento da economia.
A informação consta do relatório “Focus”, divulgado nesta segunda-feira (5) pelo Banco Central. Foram ouvidas mais de 100 instituições financeiras na semana passada.
- Especial g1: o que é inflação
- Entenda: como inflação mexe no seu bolso
Esta foi a décima queda seguida da estimativa do mercado financeiro para a inflação deste ano.
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A meta de inflação para este ano, definida pelo Conselho Monetário Nacional (CMN), é de 3,5% e será considerada cumprida se oscilar entre 2% e 5%. No entanto, o Banco Central já admitiu que vai estourar o teto da meta, assim como aconteceu em 2021.
Quanto maior é a inflação, menor é o poder de compra das pessoas, principalmente as que recebem salários menores. Isso porque os preços dos produtos aumentam sem que o salário necessariamente acompanhe esse crescimento.
Para atingir a meta, o Comitê de Política Monetária (Copom) do Banco Central aumenta ou diminui a taxa básica de juros, a Selic. Atualmente, a Selic está em 13,75% ao ano, o maior percentual dos últimos seis anos.
Para o próximo ano, a meta central de inflação foi fixada em 3,25% e será considerada formalmente cumprida se oscilar entre 1,75% e 4,75%. De acordo com o boletim Focus, a previsão para 2023 passou de 5,30% para 5,27%.
ICMS sobre itens essenciais
A nova redução da estimativa de inflação em 2022 coincide com o corte de impostos sobre itens essenciais, como combustíveis e energia elétrica. Esses produtos por si só já impactam a inflação. Além disso, influenciam indiretamente os preços de outros itens.
Por exemplo, se o preço do diesel aumenta, o transporte de um determinado produto fica mais caro. O dono da loja que revende esse produto, então, repassa o aumento para o consumidor, que acaba pagando mais caro pelo mesmo item.
A diminuição dos impostos, em ano eleitoral, foi uma estratégia adotada pelo governo e pelo Congresso. No entanto, apesar de segurarem a inflação em 2022, essas medidas pressionam os preços para 2023, conforme já alertaram diversos economistas.
Diante disso, o Banco Central já tem admitido que o foco é controlar a inflação em 2024.
Produto Interno Bruto
O mercado financeiro também passou a prever uma alta maior do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) em 2022.
O novo aumento acontece após a divulgação do resultado do segundo trimestre, com alta de 1,2%.
A previsão dos economistas dos bancos é que a economia brasileira cresça 2,26% em 2022, contra 2,10% previsto anteriormente.
Já para 2023, a previsão de alta avançou de 0,37% para 0,47%.
O PIB é a soma de todos os bens e serviços produzidos no país e serve para medir a evolução da economia.
Ao sancionar a lei que prevê as diretrizes do orçamento de 2023, o governo informou que a previsão é o PIB crescer 2,5% no ano que vem.
Taxa de juros
O mercado financeiro manteve a expectativa para a taxa básica de juros da economia, a Selic, em 13,75% ao ano no fim de 2022.
Atualmente, a taxa Selic já está neste patamar. O Copom também vem sinalizando de que os juros vão se manter altos por um período mais prolongado.
Já para o fechamento de 2023, a expectativa do mercado para a taxa Selic avançou de 11% para 11,25% ao ano. Mesmo assim, o mercado financeiro segue estimando queda dos juros no ano que vem.
Outras estimativas
Veja abaixo outras estimativas do mercado financeiro, segundo o BC:
- Dólar: a projeção para a taxa de câmbio para o fim de 2022 permaneceu estável em R$ 5,20. Para 2023, continuou inalterada também em R$ 5,20.
- Balança comercial: para o saldo da balança comercial (resultado do total de exportações menos as importações), a projeção permaneceu em US$ 68 bilhões de resultado positivo em 2022. Para o ano que vem, a estimativa dos especialistas do mercado ficou estável em US$ 60 bilhões de superávit.
- Investimento estrangeiro: a previsão do relatório para a entrada de investimentos estrangeiros diretos no Brasil neste ano subiu de US$ 58 bilhões para US$ 60 bilhões. Para 2023, a estimativa avançou de US$ 65,5 bilhões para US$ 66 bilhões de ingresso.
Fonte G1 Brasília