O salário mínimo nacional será de R$ 1.412 a partir de 1º de janeiro de 2024 ? R$ 92 a mais que os R$ 1.320 em vigor atualmente.
O cálculo tinha sido antecipado pelo g1 e inserido como previsão no Orçamento de 2024. Segundo o Palácio do Planalto, o presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva deixou o decreto assinado antes de viajar para o recesso de fim de ano.
Não há data marcada para a publicação do documento, que pode acontecer até o próximo domingo (31).
O novo valor entra em vigor em 1º de janeiro. Ou seja: quem recebe o salário mínimo (ou múltiplos dele) ou benefícios vinculados a esse valor, como o seguro-desemprego e o Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC), já recebe o total reajustado no início de fevereiro.
Entenda abaixo como funciona o salário mínimo, qual a regra de reajuste e como essa mudança impacta a economia brasileira.
Como funciona o salário mínimo?
Como o nome já indica, o salário mínimo é a menor remuneração que um trabalhador formal pode receber no país.
A Constituição diz que trabalhadores urbanos e rurais têm direito a um “salário mínimo, fixado em lei, nacionalmente unificado, capaz de atender a suas necessidades vitais básicas e às de sua família com moradia, alimentação, educação, saúde, lazer, vestuário, higiene, transporte e previdência social, com reajustes periódicos que lhe preservem o poder aquisitivo, sendo vedada sua vinculação para qualquer fim”.
Ou seja: pela Constituição, o salário mínimo tem que ser reajustado ao menos pela inflação, para garantir a manutenção do chamado “poder de compra”. Se a inflação é de 10%, o salário tem de subir pelo menos 10% para garantir que seja possível comprar, na média, os mesmos produtos.
Nos governos Michel Temer e Jair Bolsonaro, o reajuste do salário mínimo seguiu exatamente essa regra. Foi reajustado apenas pela inflação, sem ganho real.
De acordo com informações divulgadas em maio pelo Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos (Dieese), o salário mínimo serve de referência para 54 milhões de pessoas no Brasil ? um em cada quatro brasileiros.
O Dieese calcula ainda que 22,7 milhões de pessoas são diretamente atingidas no bolso pelo patamar do salário mínimo.
Além dos trabalhadores que, por contrato, recebem um salário mínimo (ou múltiplos do mínimo), há também as aposentadorias e benefícios como o Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) vinculados ao mesmo valor.
O salário mínimo também gera impactos indiretos na economia, como o aumento do “salário médio” dos brasileiros e a elevação do poder de compra do trabalhador.
Como o governo chegou aos R$ 1.412?
Se cumprisse apenas a regra da Constituição, de corrigir o valor pela inflação, o governo poderia reajustar o salário mínimo dos atuais R$ 1.320 para algo em torno de R$ 1.370,82.
O cálculo leva em conta a inflação medida pelo Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor (INPC) em 12 meses até novembro, que foi de 3,85%.
O governo Lula, no entanto, prometeu ainda durante a campanha que retomaria a chamada “política de valorização do salário mínimo”, o que significa aumentos para além da inflação.
Em agosto, o Congresso aprovou uma medida provisória editada por Lula em abril e incluiu esse mecanismo na lei. Pela nova regra, o reajuste do salário mínimo leva em conta dois fatores:
- a inflação medida pelo INPC até novembro, como prevê a Constituição;
- o índice de crescimento real do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) dos dois anos anteriores.
Com isso, além dos 3,85% de inflação, o salário mínimo de 2024 crescerá 3% (ganho real) equivalente à expansão do PIB em 2022.
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Qual o impacto geral na economia?
Na proposta de orçamento de 2024, enviada ao Congresso Nacional em agosto, o governo diz que a valorização do salário mínimo (acima da inflação) está entre as políticas para redução da desigualdade, que buscam garantir crescimento com inclusão social.
O governo também avalia que o aumento real do salário mínimo, em conjunto com o processo de corte dos juros básicos da economia, devem impulsionar a demanda doméstica em 2024 e ajudar no crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto ? estimado em 2,5% pelo ministro da Fazenda, Fernando Haddad.
Ao conceder um reajuste maior para o salário mínimo, o governo federal também gasta mais. Isso, porque os benefícios previdenciários não podem ser menores que o valor do mínimo.
De acordo com cálculos do governo, a cada R$ 1 de aumento do salário mínimo cria-se uma despesa em 2024 de aproximadamente R$ 389 milhões.
O governo chegou a prever inicialmente um salário mínimo ainda maior para 2024, de R$ 1.421. Essa estimativa era baseada em uma previsão mais alta de inflação ? que, no fim das contas, não se confirmou.
Fonte G1 Brasília