Analistas do mercado financeiro ouvidos pelo Banco Central passaram a traçar estimativas de juros maiores nos próximos anos ? além de uma inflação mais alta, tanto em 2024 quanto em 2025.
Para este ano, a projeção do Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (IPCA) avançou de 4,84% para 4,89%. Com isso, segue acima do teto da meta de inflação para este ano, que é de 4,50%.
As expectativas, fruto de pesquisa com mais de 100 instituições financeiras na última semana, constam do relatório “Focus” divulgado nesta segunda-feira (16) pelo Banco Central (BC).
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- A meta central de inflação é de 3% neste ano ? e será considerada formalmente cumprida se o índice oscilar entre 1,5% e 4,5% neste ano.
- Caso a meta de inflação não seja atingida, o BC terá de escrever e enviar uma carta pública ao ministro da Fazenda, Fernando Haddad, explicando os motivos.
? Segundo analistas, o aumento de gastos públicos é um fator que tem pesado para o aumento das projeções de inflação.
O governo anunciou em novembro medidas para tentar conter os gastos, entre elas propostas para aumento menor do salário mínimo, além de corte na área de educação, mudanças no ajustes no abono salarial e na aposentadoria dos militares.
O pacote, no entanto, ainda precisa ser aprovado pelo Congresso ? e algumas medidas exigirão prazo até entrar em vigor de fato.
??Para 2025, a estimativa de inflação subiu novamente na semana passada, avançando de 4,59% para 4,60%. Deste modo, continuou acima do teto de 4,5% do sistema de metas também no próximo ano.
??Para 2026, a expectativa permaneceu em 4%.
- Pelo sistema de metas, o BC tem de calibrar os juros para tentar manter a inflação dentro do intervalo existente.
- Para isso, a instituição olha para frente, pois a Selic demora de seis a 18 meses para ter impacto pleno na economia.
- Neste momento, por exemplo, o BC já está mirando na expectativa de inflação calculada em 12 meses até meados de 2026.
?Porque isso importa? Quanto maior a inflação, menor é o poder de compra das pessoas, principalmente das que recebem salários menores. Isso porque os preços dos produtos aumentam, sem que o salário acompanhe esse crescimento.
Taxa de juros
Os economistas do mercado financeiro passaram a prever um aumento maior da taxa básica de juros da economia brasileira nos próximos anos.
- Para o fechamento de 2025, a projeção do mercado para o juro básico da economia subiu de 13,5% para 14% ao ano, o que pressupõe uma nova elevação nesta semana.
- Para o fim de 2026, o mercado financeiro elevou a projeção de 11% para 11,25% ao ano.
- Para o fechamento de 2027, a projeção do mercado para a Selic ficou estável em 10% ao ano.
Produto Interno Bruto
Para o crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) em 2024, a projeção do mercado subiu de 3,39% para 3,42%.
O aumento aconteceu após a divulgação do PIB do terceiro trimestre pelo IBGE, que registrou uma expansão de 0,9% ? ficando acima das estimativas do mercado financeiro.
??O PIB é a soma de todos os bens e serviços produzidos no país. O indicador serve para medir a evolução da economia.
Já para 2025, a previsão de alta do PIB do mercado financeiro subiu de 2% para 2,01%.
Outras estimativas
Veja abaixo outras estimativas do mercado financeiro, segundo o BC:
- Dólar: a projeção para a taxa de câmbio para o fim de 2024 subiu de R$ 5,95 para R$ 5,99. Para o fim de 2025, a estimativa avançou de R$ 5,77 para R$ 5,85.
- Balança comercial: para o saldo da balança comercial (resultado do total de exportações menos as importações), a projeção subiu de US$ 74,2 bilhões para US$ 75 bilhões de superávit em 2024. Para 2025, a expectativa para o saldo positivo caiu de US$ 75,7 bilhões para US$ 74,4 bilhões de superávit.
- Investimento estrangeiro: a previsão do relatório para a entrada de investimentos estrangeiros diretos no Brasil neste ano recuou de US$ 71,1 bilhões para US$ 70,5 bilhões. Para 2025, a estimativa de ingresso caiu de US$ 70,8 bilhões para US$ 70 bilhões.
Fonte G1 Brasília