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Boletim Focus: pela 1ª vez neste ano, mercado financeiro estima que não haverá estouro da meta de inflação em 2025

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Os economistas do mercado financeiro reduziram a estimativa de inflação de 2025 de 4,55% para 4,46%.

A expectativa faz parte do boletim “Focus”, divulgado nesta segunda-feira (17) pelo Banco Central (BC), com base em pesquisa realizada com mais de 100 instituições financeiras na última semana.

  • É a primeira vez desde dezembro do ano passado que a projeção dos economistas dos bancos para 2025 fica abaixo do teto de 4,5% do sistema de metas de inflação.
  • Desde o início de 2025, com a adoção do sistema de meta contínua, o objetivo é manter a inflação em 3%, sendo considerado dentro da meta se variar entre 1,5% e 4,5%.
  • Isso quer dizer que, se confirmada a expectativa, não haverá “estouro” da meta de inflação neste ano fechado.
  • No ano de 2024 fechado, e em doze meses até junho deste ano, a inflação ficou acima do teto do sistema de metas.

EXPECTATIVA DE INFLAÇÃO DO MERCADO PARA 2025
EM % AO ANO

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Fonte: BANCO CENTRAL

??A revisão na expectativa do mercado para um patamar abaixo do teto da meta aconteceu após a divulgação do IPCA de outubro, que somou 0,09%. Foi a menor taxa para o mês em 27 anos, algo que surpreendeu os economistas dos bancos (que projetavam um índice maior, de 0,26% no mês passado).

O resultado foi influenciado, principalmente, pela queda de preço da energia elétrica residencial, que ficou 2,39% mais barata em outubro. Isso aconteceu porque a bandeira tarifária da vermelha patamar 2, para o patamar 1, com cobrança extra menor.

  • A contenção das expectativas de inflação também é resultado do elevado patamar da taxa de juros, atualmente em 15% ao ano – o maior nível em quase 20 anos.
  • De acordo com o BC, as decisões sobre a taxa de juros demoram de seis a 18 meses para terem impacto pleno na economia, o chamado “horizonte relevante” para a política de juros.
  • Deste modo, a convergência das expectativas de inflação para abaixo do teto do sistema de metas, em 2025, é resultado de decisões sobre a taxa de juros tomadas também nos últimos anos.
  • Até o fim de 2024, o Banco Central era chefiado por Roberto Campos Neto, indicado pelo ex-presidente Jair Bolsonaro, assim como a maior parte da diretoria da instituição.
  • Gabriel Galípolo, indicado pelo presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, assumiu o comando da instituição somente em 2025. E a partir deste momento, os indicados por Lula também passaram a ser maioria na diretoria do BC.

? Por que isso importa? Quanto maior a inflação, menor o poder de compra da população ? especialmente entre quem recebe salários mais baixos. Isso ocorre porque os preços sobem, mas os salários não acompanham esse aumento.

Veja a expectativa de inflação do mercado para os próximos anos:

  • ?? Para 2026, a projeção permaneceu em 4,20% ;
  • ?? Para 2027, a expectativa ficou estável em 3,80%;
  • ?? Para 2028, a previsão continuou em 3,50%.

Produto Interno Bruto

A projeção do mercado para o crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) em 2025 permaneceu estável em 2,16%.

Para 2026, a projeção de crescimento do PIB continuou em 1,78%.

  • ?? O PIB é a soma de todos os bens e serviços produzidos no país e é utilizado para medir o desempenho da economia.

Taxa de juros

Economistas do mercado financeiro mantiveram a projeção para a taxa básica de juros em 2025.

  • Para o fechamento de 2025, a projeção permanece em 15% ao ano ? atual nível da taxa básica de juros.
  • Para o fim de 2026, a projeção continuou em 12,25% ao ano.
  • Para o fechamento de 2027, a projeção do mercado permaneceu em 10,50% ao ano.

Outras estimativas

Veja abaixo outras estimativas do mercado financeiro, segundo o BC:

  • Dólar: a projeção para a taxa de câmbio no fim de 2025 caiu de R$ 5,41 para R$ 5,40. Para o encerramento de 2026, a estimativa continuou R$ 5,50.
  • Balança comercial: a projeção de superávit da balança comercial em 2025 ficou estável em cerca de US$ 62 bilhões. Para 2026, a estimativa de saldo positivo continuou em aproximadamente e US$ 66 bilhões.
  • Investimento estrangeiro: a previsão para a entrada de investimentos estrangeiros diretos no Brasil em 2025 foi mantida em US$ 70 bilhões. Para 2026, a estimativa também permaneceu inalterada, em US$ 70 bilhões.

Fonte G1 Brasília

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